Hauv kev lag luam drilling, lub siab yog dav suav hais tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov drilling ceev -ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm intuitively ntseeg tias nce drilling siab tuaj yeem ncaj qha nce tus nqi nkag mus (ROP), ua kom luv drilling cycles, thiab txo cov nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev pom no saib xyuas qhov nyuaj ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, pob zeb khoom, thiab kev xyaum me ntsis. Cov lus nug tseem ceeb uas peb yuav tsum tau tshawb nrhiav yog: Puas yog siab dua ib txwm txhim kho qhov nrawm? Cov lus teb yog qhov tseeb: Tsis yog. Thaum lub siab tsim nyog tuaj yeem txhawb nqa pob zeb tawg thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov drilling, kev siab ntau dhau ua rau cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo, txawm tias ua rau cov khoom puas tsuaj thiab kev nyab xeeb. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav tshawb xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov drilling siab thiab drilling ceev, thiab muab cov txheej txheem siv tswv yim los piav qhia yuav ua li cas kom phim cov ntsuas siab nrog cov khoom siv laum thiab tsim cov xwm txheej kom ua tiav qhov zoo drilling efficiency.
Qhov zoo correlation ntawm siab thiab drilling ceev: Nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog ntau yam
Drilling siab, raws li lub axial quab yuam ua rau lub laum me ntsis, yog ib qho tsim nyog rau pob zeb tawg hauv qab ntawm qhov dej - nws muab lub zog tsav rau lub laum me ntsis txiav cov hniav kom nkag mus thiab txiav cov pob zeb, ncaj qha txiav txim siab txog txoj kev thiab cov nyhuv ntawm pob zeb tawg. Thaum lub siab yog tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug scientific ntau yam, nws nce qib ntawm drilling ceev yog pom tseeb, uas yog feem ntau xav nyob rau hauv peb theem ntawm pob zeb tawg:
Ua ntej, qhov nto crushing theem: Thaum lub siab tsawg dua lub pob zeb compressive hardness, cov hniav txiav tsis tuaj yeem txiav mus rau hauv lub pob zeb, thiab tsuas tuaj yeem tawg lub pob zeb nto los ntawm kev sib txhuam, uas ua rau qis drilling ceev tab sis ib qho ratioal nce nrog siab. Qhov thib ob, qhov qaug zog crushing theem: Thaum lub siab nyob ze rau ntawm lub pob zeb hardness, lub pob zeb nto yuav tsim ntau cov kab nrib pleb nyob rau hauv qhov rov ua ntawm cov hniav txiav, paub qhov ntim pob zeb tawg. Thib peb, lub ntim crushing theem: Thaum lub siab tshaj lub pob zeb hardness, txiav cov hniav tuaj yeem ncaj qha txiav mus rau hauv lub pob zeb, ua kom zoo ntim crushing, uas yog lub xeev zoo tagnrho ntawm ib txwm drilling. Nyob rau theem no, sib piv lub siab nrog siab - kev xyaum ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws -piv txwv li, Baker Hughes 'PDC laum khoommuaj kev txhim kho cutter durability, thiab thaum siv nrog lub siab tsim nyog, lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho ROP hauv cov txheej txheem nyuaj thiab abrasive.
Tsis tas li ntawd, siab - siab dav hlau - pab drilling tshuab ntxiv tshawb xyuas lub luag hauj lwm zoo ntawm qhov tsim nyog siab: los ntawm kev siv siab - cov twj tso kua mis los ua kom muaj siab - lub dav hlau drilling kua dej, cov dav hlau txiav cov qhov hauv cov pob zeb, pab cov laum me ntsis txiav pob zeb yooj yim dua, uas tuaj yeem ua kom qhov drilling ceev los ntawm 2 mus rau 4 lub sij hawm ntau dua. 10,000 rau 15,000 psi. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm txuam cov cuab yeej thiab tsim tej yam kev mob, tsim nyog siab yog tiag tiag ib tug zoo txhais tau tias los txhim kho drilling ceev.
Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm lub siab ntau dhau: Tshaj qhov txwv, cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo
Thaum lub siab tshaj qhov tsim nyog, qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub siab thiab drilling ceev tau tawg, thiab cov teeb meem yuav tshwm sim, thaum kawg txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm drilling thiab nce nqi. Cov manifestations tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
1. Ceev xyaum me ntsis hnav thiab ua haujlwm luv luv
Lub laum me ntsis bearings, txiav cov hniav, thiab lwm yam khoom yuav ris ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub siab ntau dhau, ceev hnav, dulling, los yog kev puas tsuaj -thiab qhov hnav ceev ntawm cov hniav txiav yuav nce ntxiv nrog kev nce siab, thiab txawm tias yuav tsis muaj qhov kawg thaum lub siab ncav cuag tus nqi txwv. Piv txwv li, thaum siv tricone laum cov khoom siv rau kev xyaum abrasive formations, siab dhau heev lawm yuav ua rau cov tungsten carbide inserts hnav sai heev, ua rau lub laum me ntsis poob pob zeb- tawg peev xwm ua ntej, yuav tsum tau nquag tripping los hloov lub laum ntsis, uas tsis tsuas yog nce tsis yog - lub sij hawm tsim khoom tab sis kuj nce nqi. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, xaiv cov khoom siv tho qhov tsim nyog thiab sib haum rau qhov tsim nyog siab tuaj yeem txo qis kev hnav cov hniav thiab txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej.
2. Drilling ceev stagnation lossis poob
Raws li kev sib raug zoo nkhaus ntawm kev xyaum siab thiab drilling ceev, thaum lub siab nce mus rau ib qho nqi, qhov kev loj hlob ntawm qhov drilling ceev yuav qeeb qeeb, thiab txawm tias nres nce lossis poob. Qhov no yog vim lub siab dhau heev lawm yuav ua rau lub laum me ntsis overloaded, ua rau tsis ruaj tsis khov drilling cuab yeej ua hauj lwm -xws li me ntsis dhia nyob rau hauv fractured formations, uas yuav tsis tsuas ua tsis tau tejyam los txhim kho drilling ceev tab sis kuj yuav ua rau cov hniav txiav mus nti los yog tawg, ntxiv txo drilling efficiency. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau cov pob zeb mos cohesive, lub siab ntau dhau yuav ua rau cov dej ntsaws thiab pob me ntsis, ua rau lub laum me ntsis tsis tuaj yeem ua rau pob zeb tawg tau zoo, thiab qhov drilling ceev yuav poob qis.
3. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm downhole thiab cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm
Lub siab dhau heev lawm yuav ua rau kom lub load rau ntawm txoj hlua drilling, laum rig, thiab hydraulic system, yooj yim ua rau cov cuab yeej tsis ua haujlwm xws li drilling txoj hlua deformation, tawg, thiab lub twj tso kua mis puas. Nyob rau hauv siab - siab dav hlau - pab drilling, yog hais tias lub siab tshaj lub peev xwm ntawm lub coiled tubing thiab downhole lub cev muaj zog, nws yuav ua rau to ntawm lub laum yeeb nkab sib koom los yog kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev muaj zog foob, ua rau drilling raug mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau lub siab yuav ua rau lub hauv qab qhov sib txawv siab, ua rau lub siab tuav cov nyhuv - pob zeb txiav yog qhov nyuaj kom tawm hauv qab lub qhov, ua rau rov qab crushing, uas tsis tsuas yog txo qhov drilling ceev tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab lwm yam kev pheej hmoo.
Cov yam tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab qhov "tsim nyog siab" rau kev pom zoo drilling ceev
Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj qhov cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntau dhau thiab muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub siab hauv kev txhim kho drilling ceev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog peb yam tseem ceeb thiab phim cov khoom sib xws thiab cov khoom siv:
1. Pob zeb khoom: Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev hloov siab
Cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov pob zeb muaj cov lus teb sib txawv heev rau lub siab. Nruab nrab- pob zeb nyuaj (pob zeb qib 6 txog 7) muaj qhov kev loj hlob siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov drilling ceev thaum lub siab nce; cov pob zeb mos (pob zeb qib 4 txog 5) yog qhov ua rau me ntsis pob, yog li lub siab yuav tsum tau txo kom tsim nyog; cov pob zeb nyuaj (pob zeb qib 8 txog 9) muaj compressive hardness siab, thiab qhov loj hlob ntawm drilling ceev nrog siab yog me me, yog li nws yog tsim nyog los ua kom muaj kev sib tw siab - kev xyaum xyaum me ntsis es tsis txhob tsuas yog nce siab. Piv txwv li, thaum drilling geothermal formations nrog complex pob zeb zog, xaiv Baker Hughes 'geothermal laum khoom (xws li tricone, PDC, thiab hybrid hom) thiab kho siab raws li tsim hardness yuav ua tau zoo drilling efficiency.
2. Drill ntsis hom: Sib txuam siab los muab kev ua si rau cov khoom zoo
Ntau hom laum khoom muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv siab. PDC laum cov khoom tsim nyog rau qhov nruab nrab thiab kev kub siab ib puag ncig, thiab lawv qhov kev txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tiav raws li qhov tsim nyog los txhim kho qhov nrawm nrawm; tricone laum cov khoom muaj cov pob zeb muaj zog- tsoo lub zog, tab sis siab dhau heev yuav ua rau cov kabmob hnav; Kymera hybrid laum khoom ua ke ua ke qhov zoo ntawm cov menyuam lub khob hliav qab thiab pob zeb diamond khoom, thiab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov chaw sib txawv, tab sis tseem yuav tsum tau hloov kho raws li cov xwm txheej hauv qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv kho kom haum tuaj yeem kho qhov tob ntawm kev txiav raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab downhole, cia li optimizing drilling efficiency, uas yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas nyuaj rau kev tswj kom ruaj khov.
3. Drilling system thiab auxiliary tej yam kev mob: kom ntseeg tau siab stability thiab zoo
Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm qhov drilling rig, qhov zoo ntawm cov dej drilling, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov cuab yeej drilling yuav cuam tshuam rau kev hloov siab. Piv txwv li, lub zog ntawm qhov drilling rig txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem muab tau ruaj khov; Qhov ceev thiab viscosity ntawm cov dej drilling yuav cuam tshuam rau hauv qab qhov sib txawv siab, thiab qhov tsis tsim nyog drilling kua ua haujlwm yuav cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm kev hloov siab. Qhov siab tshaj -siab coiled-tubing drilling system tsim los ntawm National Energy Technology Laboratory daws qhov teeb meem ntawm siab - cov kua dej xa mus los ntawm cov kav dej concentric coiled, tsis txhob xau thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub siab tuaj yeem xa mus rau lub laum me ntsis, yog li txhim kho qhov drilling ceev.
Peb Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj
Cov ntsiab lus: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws siab, tsis yog siab dua, yog tus yuam sij rau kev txhim kho drilling ceev
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov siab dua tsis tas yuav txhim kho qhov nrawm nrawm. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub siab thiab drilling ceev yog cuam tshuam los ntawm pob zeb khoom, xyaum me ntsis hom, thiab drilling system kev ua tau zoo- tsuas yog thaum lub siab tswj nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog ntau yam thiab sib phim nrog rau cov laum tsim nyog, drilling kua, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tau nws zoo txhawb pob zeb tawg thiab txhim kho drilling efficiency. Lub siab ntau dhau yuav tsuas ua kom cov khoom siv coj los ua kom nrawm, ua rau qhov nrawm nrawm kom poob qis, thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm downhole.
Hauv kev xyaum ua haujlwm drilling, cov neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum xub ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim, xaiv cov khoom siv tho khoom tsim nyog (xws li PDC laum cov khoom rau kev sib tsoo thiab hybrid laum cov khoom rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj), thiab tom qab ntawd kho qhov ntsuas siab raws li cov txheej txheem drilling thiab cov khoom siv raws li txoj cai, ua ke nrog cov laum nrawm sib npaug los ntsuas qhov siab thiab qib siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, los ntawm kev siv cov tshuab drilling siab heev xws li siab - dav hlau siab - pab drilling thiab yoog raws cov khoom siv, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub siab mus rau qhov chaw qis qis tuaj yeem txhim kho, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nyab xeeb, thiab qis - nqi drilling.
Yog tias koj xav tau ntxiv kom phim cov kev ntsuas siab nrog cov khoom siv tho me ntsis lossis tau txais cov lus qhia txog kev hloov siab hauv cov qauv sib txawv, koj tuaj yeem sab laj nrog peb cov kws tshaj lij thiab kawm paub ntau ntxiv txog kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm -kev ua haujlwm drilling los ntawm peb cov khoom lag luam thiab cov xov xwm tshaj tawm.
